Tolling of the Boats – March

March has a way of sitting quietly on the calendar, wedged between winter’s last bitterness and the promise of spring. In U.S. Navy submarine history, it does not behave quietly at all. It carries a weight that is out of proportion to its thirty-one days, a month that reaches from the experimental infancy of the submarine force to the violent closing chapters of the Pacific war. When submariners speak of March, they do not do so poetically, but they do so knowingly. Too many boats did not come back. Too many men did not walk down the pier again.

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February Tolling of the Boats

February has a way of thinning the ranks. It sits awkwardly in the calendar, shorter than it ought to be, often colder than expected, and in the war years it carried a particular weight for the men of the Silent Service. The United States Navy submarine force never occupied much physical space in the wartime Navy. Fewer than two percent of personnel wore dolphins. Yet by the end of the Pacific War, submarines had strangled more than half of Japan’s merchant shipping. That success did not come cheaply. Fifty-two boats did not return. Thirty-five hundred and six men went on what submariners still call eternal patrol. No other branch of American service lost such a high percentage of its own.

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The Last Act of the USS O-9 Submarine Tragedy

By the spring of 1941, the world was already at war. Hitler’s armies had swept across Europe, the Luftwaffe had bombed London, and U-boats prowled the North Atlantic. The United States was not yet formally in the fight, but the Navy was preparing for the possibility that it soon would be. Shipyards were running at full tilt, new battleships, carriers, and submarines sliding into the water. But building a modern fleet took time, and time was the one resource that seemed in shortest supply.

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