Greenling’s November 7, 1944

After refitting at Saipan, Greenling sailed north as part of the tightening U.S. submarine net around Japan’s home islands. Her mission was straightforward but perilous: interdict shipping along Japan’s coastal lanes and disrupt the remnants of enemy supply traffic fleeing the Philippine front.

The patrol began with quiet days of endurance and routine, constant radar sweeps, periscope observations, and the perpetual strain of aircraft alerts. Submariners of this late stage of the Pacific War lived in the shadows of their predecessors’ successes. Japan’s navy had learned, and anti-submarine air coverage was now relentless. Greenling frequently dived to avoid detection, her log marking dozens of aircraft contacts, many close enough to rattle the boat with their depth-charges.

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Eyes on the Skies

They were never built to stare at the sky. Fleet submarines were hunters, creatures of the deep that stalked their prey in silence. Yet, in the uneasy years after the Second World War, the U.S. Navy found itself short on eyes. The kamikaze had taught a brutal lesson—that fleets needed early warning, and surface radar picket ships were sitting ducks. The answer, paradoxically, was to turn the predators of the deep into guardians of the air.

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41 Cold War Sentinels – USS Will Rogers SSBN-659

The USS Will Rogers, SSBN-659, was the last of the “41 for Freedom,” the great Cold War fleet of nuclear ballistic missile submarines that defined America’s undersea deterrent from the early 1960s through the 1980s. She was a vessel built for silence, vigilance, and patience, born into an age where peace depended upon the quiet readiness of men and machines deep beneath the sea. Her namesake, Will Rogers, was a man of wit and wisdom who once joked that he never met a man he didn’t like. The submarine that bore his name was built for a world that could not afford to test that philosophy too often.

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